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Nominative: result or property as (agreeing) argument |
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Nominative: predicate NP |
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Nominative: appellation (as extra-clausal constituent) |
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Vocative: appellation (as extra-clausal constituent) |
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Vocative as predicate NP |
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Accusative: object |
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Accusative: patient as adjective complement |
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Accusative: direction as satellite |
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Accusative: space, distance or path as satellite |
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Accusative: duration as satellite |
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Accusative: reference as satellite |
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Accusative: degree/measure as satellite |
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Accusative: cause as satellite |
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Accusative: goal as satellite |
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Accusative: manner as satellite |
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Accusative: result or property as (agreeing) object |
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Genitive: possessor as modifier |
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Genitive: totality as modifier |
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Genitive: identity as modifier |
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Genitive: totality as first (or second) object |
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Genitive: material/contents as modifier |
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Genitive: material/contents as object |
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Genitive: property as predicate NP |
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Genitive: agent as modifier |
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Genitive: agent as satellite |
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Genitive: patient as modifier |
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Genitive: subject |
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Genitive: cause as object |
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Genitive: value/price as satellite |
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Genitive: standard of comparison as adjective complement or object |
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Genitive: place as satellite |
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Genitive: source as (second) object |
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Genitive: time frame as satellite |
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Genitive: frequency as satellite |
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Genitive: property as (agreeing) object |
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Dative: place as satellite |
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Dative: direction as satellite |
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Dative: direction as object |
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Dative: time as satellite |
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Dative: time frame as satellite |
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Dative: receiver as second object |
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Dative: beneficiary or malefactive as satellite |
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Dative: beneficiary/malefactive as a modifier |
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Dative: experiencer as disjunct |
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Dative: object |
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Dative: possessor as predicate NP |
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Dative: object with impersonal verbs |
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Dative: experiencer as satellite |
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Dative: companion as modifier |
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Dative: instrument as satellite |
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Dative: agent as satellite |
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Dative: manner as satellite |
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Dative: instrument as disjunct |
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Dative: cause as satellite |
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Dative: goal as satellite |
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Dative: reference as satellite |
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Dative: property or manner |
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Genitive: possessor as predicate NP |
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Genitive: reference as satellite |
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Genitive: exclamation (cause) |
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Genitive: standard of comparison as object |
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Genitive: source as modifier |
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Genitive: value/price as modifier |
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Genitive: reference as disjunct |
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Genitive: adjective complement |
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Accusative: cognate object |
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Accusative: time as satellite |
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Double accusative: object + cognate object |
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Double accusative: object + accusative of reference |
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Shared object (ἀπὸ κοινοῦ) |
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Dative: beneficiary and malefactive as predicate NP |
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Dative: standard of comparison as satellite |
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Dative: degree/measure as adjective complement |
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Dative: adjective complement |
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Dative: companion as satellite |
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Nominative: extra-causal constituent, as exclamation (in tragedy) |
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Aorist indicative: timelessness |
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Nominative: subject of a finite predicate |
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Verbal agreement: person and number |
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Present stem: durative use |
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Indicative in main clause without ἄν: neutral modality |
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Indicative in main clause without ἄν: condition |
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Secondary indicative in main clause with ἄν: counterfactuality |
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Secondary indicative in the main clause without ἄν: counterfactual obligation/possibility |
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Imperfect or aorist indicative in main clause with ἄν: iterativity |
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Secondary indicative without ἄν: unattainable wish |
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Counterfactual wish, expressed by ὤφελον |
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Imperative in the main clause: command |
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μή with aorist imperative: prohibition (in the third person) |
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Imperative in the main clause: concession or condition |
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Subjunctive in main clause with or without ἄν: plausibility [Homer] |
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Subjunctive in main clause: hortation in the first person |
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Subjunctive in main clause: hortation in the second or third person |
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μή with aorist subjunctive: prohibition (2nd person) |
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μή with present subjunctive in main clause: cautious assertion |
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Subjunctive in interrogative main or subordinate clause: deliberative question |
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βούλομαι with subjunctive in interrogative main clause: (inviting) deliberative question |
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Optative in the main clause with ἄν: possibility |
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Optative in main clause with or without ἄν: weak command |
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Optative in main clause with ἄν: modest opinion |
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Optative in main clause without ἄν: plausible wish |
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Optative in the main clause without ἄν: concession |
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οὐ μή with aorist subjunctive in the main clause: strong negation |
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Infinitive: subject |
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Infinitive with deontic modality: argument (‘dynamic infinitive’) |
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Infinitive: satellite |
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Infinitive: result or property as (agreeing) argument |
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Infinitive with deontic modality: adjective complement |
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Infinitive in main clause: command |
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Infinitive in the main clause: exclamation (often with τό) |
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Participle: predicative construction |
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Participle: time as agreeing satellite |
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Participle: cause as agreeing satellite |
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Participle: goal as agreeing satellite |
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Participle: manner as agreeing satellite |
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Participle: concession as agreeing satellite |
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Participle: condition as agreeing satellite |
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Participle: argument with verbs of perception and emotions |
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Genitive absolute: time as satellite |
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Genitive absolute: cause as satellite |
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Genitive absolute: condition as a satellite |
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Genitive absolute: concession as a satellite |
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Accusative absolute : concession, cause, time |
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τοῦ with infinitive: goal as satellite |
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Infinitive with epistemic modality |
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Imperative in subordinate clause: command (in drama) |
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Infinitive: idiomatic disjunct |
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Prepositions with the accusative: direction |
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Prepositions with the genitive: source |
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Prepositions with the accusative: spatial extension |
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Prepositions with the accusative: beneficiary/malefactive |
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Prepositions with the genitive: beneficiary and malefactive |
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Prepositions with the dative: companion |
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Prepositions with the accusative: manner |
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Prepositions with the accusative: distributivity or frequency |
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Prepositions with the genitive: standard of comparison |
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Prepositions with the accusative: standard of comparison |
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Prepositions with the accusative: time |
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Preposition ἐν with the dative: time frame |
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Prepositions with the accusative: duration |
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Prepositions with the genitive: intermediary |
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Preposition ὑπό with the dative: intermediary |
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Prepositions with the genitive: place |
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Prepositions with the accusative: place |
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Prepositions with the accusative: goal |
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Preposition ἐπί with the dative: condition |
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Prepositions with the genitive: source in time |
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Prepositions with the accusative: cause |
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Prepositions with the genitive: reference |
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Prepositions with the accusative: reference |
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Prepositions with the dative: place |
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Prepositions with the dative: reference |
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Prepositions with the genitive: direction |
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Prepositions with the genitive: agent |
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Prepositions with the genitive: cause |
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Prepositions with the dative: manner |
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Prepositions with the genitive: means |
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Prepositions with the genitive: duration |
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Prepositions with the genitive: manner |
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Prepositions with the dative: goal |
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Preposition πρός with the genitive: experiencer |
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Prepositions with the genitive: companion |
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Prepositions with the genitive: spatial extension |
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Prepositions with the accusative: degree/measure |
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Prepositions with the dative: agent |
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Prepositions with the dative: cause |
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Prepositions with the genitive: value/price |
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Prepositions with the genitive: time |
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Prepositions with the genitive: that by which one swears |
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Prepositions with the accusative: companion |
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Prepositions with the dative: beneficiary and malefactive |
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Preposition ἐπί with the dative: value/price |
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Prepositions with the dative: time |
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Preposition ἐπί with the dative: frequency |
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Prepositions with the dative: instrument |
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Prepositions with the accusative: companion |
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Infinitive with preposition and article |
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οὐ μή with future indicative in main clause: strong negation |
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οὐ μή with future indicative in interrogative main clause: strong prohibition |
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οὐ with future indicative in interrogative main clause: strong command |
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Future indicative in main clause: strict command |
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ὅτι or ὡς with the moods of the main clause: indirect speech |
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μή with subjunctive: argument with verbs of fearing |
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ὅπως (ὡς, ἵνα) with indicative future: argument with verbs of caring |
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ὅπως with indicative future in main clause: urgent hortation |
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μή with a mood other than the subjunctive: object with verbs of fearing |
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ὥστε (or ὡς) with the infinitive: result clause |
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ὥστε (or ὡς) with the moods of the main clause: result clause |
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ὥστε en ἐπεί with a main clause |
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πρίν with infinitive: posteriority (‘before’) |
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conjunction with the moods of the main clause: causal clauses |
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πρίν with indicative or subjunctive aorist with ἄν: posteriority (‘before’) |
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εἰ with the indicative: neutral condition |
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εἰ with optative: possible condition |
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εἰ with secondary indicative: counterfactual condition |
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ἐάν (ἤν, ἄν) with the subjunctive: plausible condition |
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εἰ with indicative future: vivid one-off plausible condition |
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εἰ καί or καὶ εἰ with a subordinate clause: concession |
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Temporal clause in the indicative: neutral event |
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Temporal clause in the subjunctive with ἄν: plausible event |
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Temporal clause in the optative without ἄν: possible event |
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Temporal clause in the optative without ἄν: repeated event |
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Dative: possessor as modifier |
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Genitief: degree/measure as modifier |
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Genitive: source as satellite |
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οἷος or ὅσος with the infinitive: result clause |
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Interrogative with moods of main clause: |
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ἵνα, ὅπως, ὡς with subjunctive: goal as satellite |
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Clauses of comparison: manner or degree as modifier (or satellite) |
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Infinitive: goal as satellite |
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Prepositions with the accusative: value/price |
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Subordinate clauses as adjective complement |
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Participle: result als agreeing satellite |
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ἐφ᾽ ᾧ(τε) with infinitive: condition (or goal, result) as satellite |
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ἐφ᾽ ᾧ(τε) with future indicative: condition as satellite |
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Prepositions with the genitive: property |
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Accusative: patient as modifier |
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νή or μά with the accusative: that by which one swears |
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Accusative: degree/measure as adjective complement |
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Accusative: reference as adjective complement |
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Accusative: reference as modifier |
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Prepositions with the genitive: goal in time |
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ἤ as introductory particle: standard of comparison |
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καί as introductory conjunction: standard of comparison in the case of sameness |
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τῷ with infinitive: instrument, cause or manner |
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Future indicative in interrogative main clause: deliberative question |
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Prepositions with the accusative: receiver as object |
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Prepositions with the genitive: concession |
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Interrogative particle with the moods of the main clause: yes-no question as argument |
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Concise conditional clauses |
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ὥσπερ (ἂν) εἰ with a subordinate clause: comparison with a condition |
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εἰ with a subordinate clause: cause |
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εἰ with optative: iterative condition |
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μή with present imperative: prohibition |
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Attraction of pronoun to its predicate NP |
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Adverb: adjective complement |
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Adverb: modifier |
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τί (οὖν) οὐ with aorist indicative in interrogative main clause: polite proposal |
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Prepositions with the dative: direction |
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Genitive: degree/measure as predicate NP |
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Genitive: object with compound verbs |
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Dative: object with compound verbs |
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Accusative: subject of an infinitive or participle clause |
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Participle: agreeing argument with an aspectual auxiliary |
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Participle: agreeing argument with an auxiliary |
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μή + infinitive (with verbs of forbidding and denying) |
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Proleptic accusative: topic |
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Preposition παρά with the dative: experiencer |
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Nominative or accusative: loose apposition |
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Genitive: property as modifier |
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Adverb: predicate NP |
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Nominative placed in front in anacoluthon: topic |
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Verbal congruency: number with a neuter plural subject. |
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Genitive and accusative: subject of an absolute participle clause |
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Nominative: result or property as (agreeing) satellite |
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Nominal phrase, agreeing with the subject: predicate NP |
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